Guidelines

For inspection by Dutch Authority for Consumers & Markets (''ACM'')

What documents must the officials present?

Dutch Authority for Consumers & Markets (''ACM'')
 

  • ACM officials are entitled to search a company or a person having exercised de facto leadership to a possible cartel infringement without an authorisation or a decision. However, the officials will hand over a document informing the company or such person having exercised de facto leadership about the purpose and the subject of the investigation.

    If the officials wish to enter and investigate a private residence, prior authorisation from the examining judge of the Rotterdam district court is required.
     
  • Read the documents that have been handed over by ACM very carefully and check:
    • The purpose and subject/object of the investigation as well as the time period under investigation. ACM officials can only demand access to business data and documents in relation to the purpose and subject in the time period under investigation as indicated by ACM.
    • (in case of prior authorisation) when the authorisation has been issued. The authorisation is valid for three days after it has been issued by the examining judge.
  • The officials are obliged to identify themselves (on request).

Where and how may the officials search?

Dutch Authority for Consumers & Markets (''ACM'')
 

  • The officials are entitled to investigate all premises, sites and means of transport, and hence search in desks, drawers, cupboards, bags, suitcases, etc.
  • The officials may not use force against persons or property. They may, however, request the assistance of the police when entering (business) premises and private residences. The officials may not force open locked rooms, desks, cupboards, etc. However, they are entitled to request you to give them access thereto. If an official asks you to open a cupboard or a desk, you must do so, but first ask what he/she is looking for and give this to him/her yourself.

Company premises

  • The officials are entitled to investigate all premises, sites and means of transport, and hence search in desks, drawers, cupboards, bags, suitcases, etc.
  • The officials may not use force against persons or property. They may, however, request the assistance of the police when entering (business) premises and private residences. The officials may not force open locked rooms, desks, cupboards, etc. However, they are entitled to request you to give them access thereto. If an official asks you to open a cupboard or a desk, you must do so, but first ask what he/she is looking for and give this to him/her yourself.

What may the officials search?

Dutch Authority for Consumers & Markets (''ACM'')

Documents

  • In principle, the officials are entitled to inspect and copy all the business documents relating to the purpose and subject of the investigation (see 1.(2) above), even if they include business secrets.
  • The officials may only seize original documents against a receipt and only in order to make copies (elsewhere) if they cannot make a copy at the premises itself. In such an event, record which documents are seized and describe their content carefully. The officials have to return the originals as soon as the copies have been made.

Important: ensure that of every document copied by the officials, an extra copy is made for the external lawyer.

  • The following documents may not be inspected or copied by the officials:
    • Private documents in so far as they are of no significance as evidence;
    • Documents which are not related to the purpose and the subject of the investigation (see 1.(2) above);
    • All correspondence (documents) between the company and an external lawyer admitted to a bar in an EU Member State, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Switzerland (Important: correspondence with lawyers who are only admitted to a bar in the United States is not covered by this rule);
    • Internal company documents only reflecting and/or containing legal advice given by an external lawyer as described above.
  • If the officials insist on inspecting such documents on site, please indicate, when applicable, that the documents in question may contain privileged material. When you provide the officials a sufficiently concrete reason therefore, it should refrain from inspecting the documents. Should the officials nonetheless persist, an official within the authority that has been specifically appointed (so-called legal privilege official) is to assess the privileged nature of the documents prior to the officials being able to inspect the document. Request to be present at the assessment performed by the legal privileged officer, if this takes place on site, or request the officials to place the documents in a sealed envelope or box until a final decision as to their privileged nature has been made. When discussion arises concerning private documents or documents which are not related to the purpose and the subject of the investigation, also request them to be placed in a sealed envelope or sealed box until a final decision has been made.

Electronic files

  • If the officials wish to look at electronic files, you must enable them to do so and, if necessary, provide them with the passwords. However, the officials may not seize electronic files, but only make an (electronic) copy ("image") thereof. Try to ensure that electronic files that are not related to the purpose and subject of the investigation are excluded.
  • If appropriate, the officials are to provide you with the opportunity to indicate that the electronic files also contain privileged correspondence which may not be copied (see 3.(3) above). Please inform them accordingly. If possible, have the correspondence in question removed before the officials make an electronic copy of the electronic files. In case you have indicated that certain correspondence is privileged, the assessment thereof will be performed by the legal privilege official, either on site or otherwise.
  • If the officials have secured electronic files at the premises itself, ask to be invited to be present at ACM offices when the documents are searched on the basis of search terms. After this search, you should be given the opportunity to identify private and privileged documents or documents that are out of the scope of the investigation with the aim to have them deleted.

Seals

  • The officials are entitled, where necessary, to seal premises and books or other documents, etc. Do not break the seal under any circumstance. Breaking the seal is a criminal offence.

Who may be questioned by the officials and how?

Dutch Authority for Consumers & Markets (''ACM'')
 

ACM officials are entitled to request explanations and/or clarifications from employees in relation to the documents found in so far as these documents are related to the purpose and subject of the investigation (see 1. (2) above). The employee must bear this in mind and consult a lawyer prior to answering questions from the officials in that respect.

  • Insist on being questioned only in the presence of an external lawyer.
  • Record all the questions which are asked during the interview as well as all the answers you have given or make sure that they are recorded by a colleague. Never sign any statement or document before consulting a lawyer. Only sign the statements or documents if they are correct and complete.
  • Explain to the officials that only the management is entitled to give statements on behalf of the company.

  • Stay calm and keep to the facts. Do not behave aggressively.
  • Ask whether you have the right to remain silent, before giving an answer. Record the answer to this question. If necessary, ask for further explanation. If and to the extent you have a right to remain silent, no answers should be given before an external lawyer has been consulted.
  • Ask the officials if they can rule out further action being taken against you personally. Write down the answer to this question. If necessary, ask for further explanation. If the officials do not provide such a confirmation, ask to consult an external lawyer before you answer.
  • Do not answer any question if the answer would incriminate your company or yourself personally (under national law).
  • Answer only questions directly related to the investigation. Answer only the questions asked. Give short and precise answers. Stick to facts and do not comment from a legal point of view. Do not answer if you are not sure about the answer to a question. Never make any assumptions. Do not comment on any documents that were not drawn up by you. Object to questions that are leading in nature.
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